The extensive surviving corpus of the ancient scholar Plutarch of Chaeronea (ca. 45-120 CE) also contains several texts which, according to current scholarly opinion, did not originate with him and are therefore attributed to an anonymous author Pseudo-Plutarch. These include, in particular, the work Placita Philosophorum (Quotations and Opinions of the Ancient Philosophers), which is extremely important for the history of ancient philosophy. Little is known about the identity of that anonymous author and its relation to other authors from the same period. This paper presents a BERT language model for Ancient Greek. The model discovers previously unknown statistical properties relevant to these literary, philosophical, and historical problems and can shed new light on this authorship question. In particular, the Placita Philosophorum, together with one of the other Pseudo-Plutarch texts, shows similarities with the texts written by authors from an Alexandrian context (2nd/3rd century CE).

This paper argues that a deeper understanding of narrative and the successful generation of longer subjectively interesting texts is a vital bottleneck that hinders the progress in modern Natural Language Processing (NLP) and may even be in the whole field of Artificial Intelligence. We demonstrate that there are no adequate datasets, evaluation methods, and even operational concepts that could be used to start working on narrative processing.

词汇转移是一个转移学习子任务，在该子任务中，语言模型与语料库特异性令牌化而不是默认值进行微调，而默认值则在预训练期间使用。这通常会改善模型的产生性能，在本文中，我们证明词汇转移对医学文本处理特别有益。使用三个不同的医学自然语言处理数据集，我们显示词汇转移，为下游分类器精度提供多达十个百分点。

变压器负责自然语言处理的绝大多数近期进步。这些模型的大多数实际的自然语言处理应用程序通常通过转移学习启用。本文研究了用于微调用于微调的特异性标记提高了模型的结果。通过一系列实验，我们证明这种令牌化与词汇令牌的初始化和微调策略相结合，加速了转移并提高了微调模型的性能。我们称之为转让促进词汇转移的这个方面。

目前的最先进的NLP系统使用大量的神经网络，需要大量的计算资源进行培训。通过人类知识获取的启发，研究人员提出了课程学习， - 任务的排序（基于任务为基础的课程）或数据集的排序和采样（基于数据的课程），便于培训。这项工作调查了基于数据的课程学习的好处，例如BERT和T5等大型现代语言模型。我们根据一系列复杂性措施和不同的采样策略来试验各种课程。对不同NLP任务的广泛实验表明，基于各种复杂度措施的课程很少有任何益处，而随机采样也比课程更好地表现。

A "heart attack" or myocardial infarction (MI), occurs when an artery supplying blood to the heart is abruptly occluded. The "gold standard" method for imaging MI is Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), with intravenously administered gadolinium-based contrast (late gadolinium enhancement). However, no "gold standard" fully automated method for the quantification of MI exists. In this work, we propose an end-to-end fully automatic system (MyI-Net) for the detection and quantification of MI in MRI images. This has the potential to reduce the uncertainty due to the technical variability across labs and inherent problems of the data and labels. Our system consists of four processing stages designed to maintain the flow of information across scales. First, features from raw MRI images are generated using feature extractors built on ResNet and MoblieNet architectures. This is followed by the Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) to produce spatial information at different scales to preserve more image context. High-level features from ASPP and initial low-level features are concatenated at the third stage and then passed to the fourth stage where spatial information is recovered via up-sampling to produce final image segmentation output into: i) background, ii) heart muscle, iii) blood and iv) scar areas. New models were compared with state-of-art models and manual quantification. Our models showed favorable performance in global segmentation and scar tissue detection relative to state-of-the-art work, including a four-fold better performance in matching scar pixels to contours produced by clinicians.

药物重新利用可以加速鉴定有效化合物用于针对SARS-COV-2的临床使用，并具有先前存在的临床安全数据和已建立的供应链的优势。 RNA病毒（例如SARS-COV-2）操纵细胞途径并诱导亚细胞结构的重组以支持其生命周期。可以使用生物成像技术来量化这些形态学的变化。在这项工作中，我们开发了DEEMD：使用深层神经网络模型在多个实例学习框架内的计算管道，以基于对公开可用RXRX19A数据集的形态分析来确定针对SARS-COV-2有效的推定治疗方法。该数据集由SARS-COV-2未感染的细胞和受感染细胞的荧光显微镜图像组成，有或没有药物治疗。 Deemd首先提取歧视性形态学特征，以产生来自未感染和感染细胞的细胞形态特征。然后在统计模型中使用这些形态学特征，以根据与未感染细胞的相似性估算受感染细胞的应用治疗疗效。 DEEMD能够通过弱监督定位受感染的细胞，而无需任何昂贵的像素级注释。 DEEMD确定已知的SARS-COV-2抑制剂，例如Remdesivir和Aloxistatin，支持我们方法的有效性。可以在其他新兴病毒和数据集上探索DEEMD，以便将来快速识别候选抗病毒药治疗}。我们的实施可在线网络https://www.github.com/sadegh-saberian/deemd

与许多研究领域相关的管状网络样结构（例如血管，神经元或道路）的准确分割与许多研究领域有关。对于这种结构，拓扑是它们最重要的特征。特别保留连接性：在血管网络的情况下，缺少连接的容器完全改变了血液流动的动力学。我们介绍了一种新颖的相似性度量，称为Centerlinedice（短CLDICE），该度量是根据分割掩模及其（形态）骨骼的相交进行计算的。从理论上讲，我们证明，CLDICE保证拓扑保存至二进制2D和3D分割的同型等效性。扩展这一点，我们提出了一种计算高效，可区分的损失函数（软性的），用于训练任意的神经分割网络。我们在五个公共数据集上基准了软性损失，包括船只，道路和神经元（2D和3D）。对软性播放的培训可通过更准确的连通性信息，更高的图形相似性和更好的体积分数进行分割。

Accurate determination of a small molecule candidate (ligand) binding pose in its target protein pocket is important for computer-aided drug discovery. Typical rigid-body docking methods ignore the pocket flexibility of protein, while the more accurate pose generation using molecular dynamics is hindered by slow protein dynamics. We develop a tiered tensor transform (3T) algorithm to rapidly generate diverse protein-ligand complex conformations for both pose and affinity estimation in drug screening, requiring neither machine learning training nor lengthy dynamics computation, while maintaining both coarse-grain-like coordinated protein dynamics and atomistic-level details of the complex pocket. The 3T conformation structures we generate are closer to experimental co-crystal structures than those generated by docking software, and more importantly achieve significantly higher accuracy in active ligand classification than traditional ensemble docking using hundreds of experimental protein conformations. 3T structure transformation is decoupled from the system physics, making future usage in other computational scientific domains possible.

Variational autoencoders model high-dimensional data by positing low-dimensional latent variables that are mapped through a flexible distribution parametrized by a neural network. Unfortunately, variational autoencoders often suffer from posterior collapse: the posterior of the latent variables is equal to its prior, rendering the variational autoencoder useless as a means to produce meaningful representations. Existing approaches to posterior collapse often attribute it to the use of neural networks or optimization issues due to variational approximation. In this paper, we consider posterior collapse as a problem of latent variable non-identifiability. We prove that the posterior collapses if and only if the latent variables are non-identifiable in the generative model. This fact implies that posterior collapse is not a phenomenon specific to the use of flexible distributions or approximate inference. Rather, it can occur in classical probabilistic models even with exact inference, which we also demonstrate. Based on these results, we propose a class of latent-identifiable variational autoencoders, deep generative models which enforce identifiability without sacrificing flexibility. This model class resolves the problem of latent variable non-identifiability by leveraging bijective Brenier maps and parameterizing them with input convex neural networks, without special variational inference objectives or optimization tricks. Across synthetic and real datasets, latent-identifiable variational autoencoders outperform existing methods in mitigating posterior collapse and providing meaningful representations of the data.